Google AdSense is probably the most popular advertisement service on the web. By including a specific javascript code in your web site, it allows you to generate revenue though different advertisements related to your web site content. The amount of generated income is based on the type of advertisements and the number of clicks on them.

Your income is generated both from clicks on ads and from impressions (number of times the advertisement is shown on your web site).

Besides the clicks and the impressions, you can earn money by including a Google search box in your web site code. If your web site visitors use it you will get a percent of the profit relevant to their search terms. AdSense for Feeds and AdSense for Domains are also available . The first one places ads in the feeds managed by Google for your web site. The second one allows advertisements to be included for domains that do not  open a web site with content.

All AdSense options are described at:

https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/topic.py?topic=8433 

Bear in mind that making money with Google AdSense requires a popular site with popular keywords on it and attractive positions for the ad placements.

Generally, the software is administered by Google and you can monitor your balance through your Google profile.

The service is freely accessible for everyone who complies with the corresponding Terms of Use.

You can check the Terms of Use here:

https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/answer.py?answer=48182